Transcendence/Spirituality

    Yoga is a powerful practice with growing scientific support.

    These resources help yoga teachers, schools, and advocates understand the latest research and integrate evidence-based insights into their work.

    • Review Papers provide a broad understanding via existing studies of yoga’s impact in this area.
    • Notable Publications highlight key research shaping our understanding of yoga’s role in health, well-being, and society.

    We invite you to share how yoga research informs your teaching and practice. Connect with us on social media (@YogaAlliance).

    Review Papers

    Supple bodies, healthy minds: yoga, psychedelics and American mental health.
    Richert L, DeCloedt M.
    Med Humanit. 2018 Sep;44(3):193-200.
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    A Systematic Review of Transcendent States Across Meditation and Contemplative Traditions.
    Wahbeh H, Sagher A, Back W, Pundhir P, Travis F.
    Explore (NY). 2018 Jan – Feb;14(1):19-35.
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    Meditation has stronger relationships with mindfulness, kundalini, and mystical experiences than yoga or prayer.
    de Castro JM.
    Conscious Cogn. 2015 Sep;35:115-27.
    [ abstract ]

    Self-transcending meditation is good for mental health: why this should be the case.
    Hankey A, Shetkar R.
    Int Rev Psychiatry. 2016 Jun;28(3):236-40.
    [ abstract ]

    The subtle body: an interoceptive map of central nervous system function and meditative mind-brain-body integration.
    Loizzo JJ.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2016 Jun;1373(1):78-95.
    [ abstract ]

    Notable Publications

    Interactions Between Body and Social Awareness in Yoga.
    Fiori F, Aglioti SM, David N.
    J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Mar;23(3):227-233.
    [ abstract ]

    The Psychology of Yoga Practitioners: A Cluster Analysis.
    Genovese JE, Fondran KM.
    Int J Yoga Therap. 2017 Mar 30.
    [ full text ]

    The relationship between yoga involvement, mindfulness and psychological well-being.
    Gaiswinkler L, Unterrainer HF.
    Complement Ther Med. 2016 Jun;26:123-7.
    [ abstract ]

    Processing of proprioceptive and vestibular body signals and self-transcendence in Ashtanga yoga practitioners.
    Fiori F, David N, Aglioti SM.
    Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Sep 18;8:734.
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    Moving beyond health to flourishing: the effects of yoga teacher training.
    Conboy LA, Wilson A, Braun T.
    ScientificWorldJournal. 2010 May 4;10:788-95.
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    The fourth state of consciousness: the Thuriya Avastha.
    Ramamurthi B.
    Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995 May;49(2):107-10.
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    Intense personal experiences: subjective effects, interpretations, and after-effects.
    Wilson SR, Spencer RC.
    J Clin Psychol. 1990 Sep;46(5):565-73.
    [ abstract ]

    The “third eye”: a psychoendocrine model of hypnotizability.
    Leskowitz E.
    Am J Clin Hypn. 1988 Jan;30(3):209-15.
    [ full text ]

    Transcendence/Spirituality